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Characterizing urban environments with broad coverages and high precision ismore important than ever for achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) as half of the world's populations are living in cities. Urban buildingheight as a fundamental 3D urban structural feature has far-reachingapplications. However, so far, producing readily available datasets of recenturban building heights with fine spatial resolutions and global coveragesremains a challenging task. Here, we provide an up-to-date global product ofurban building heights based on a fine grid size of 150 m around 2020 bycombining the spaceborne lidar instrument of GEDI and multi-sourced dataincluding remotely sensed images (i.e., Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-1)and topographic data. Our results revealed that the estimated method ofbuilding height samples based on the GEDI data was effective with 0.78 ofPearson's r and 3.67 m of RMSE in comparison to the reference data. The mappingproduct also demonstrated good performance as indicated by its strongcorrelation with the reference data (i.e., Pearson's r = 0.71, RMSE = 4.60 m).Compared with the currently existing products, our global urban building heightmap holds the ability to provide a higher spatial resolution (i.e., 150 m) witha great level of inherent details about the spatial heterogeneity andflexibility of updating using the GEDI samples as inputs. This work will boostfuture urban studies across many fields including climate, environmental,ecological, and social sciences.

A global product of fine-scale urban building height based on spaceborne lidar