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With quantum devices rapidly approaching qualities and scales needed forfault tolerance, the validity of simplified error models underpinning the studyof quantum error correction needs to be experimentally evaluated. In this work,we have directly assessed the performance of superconducting devicesimplementing heavy-hexagon code syndrome measurements with increasing circuitsizes up to 23 qubits, against the error assumptions underpinning codethreshold calculations. Data from 16 repeated syndrome measurement cycles wasfound to be inconsistent with a uniform depolarizing noise model, favouringinstead biased and inhomogeneous noise models. Spatial-temporal correlationsinvestigated via $Z$ stabilizer measurements revealed significant temporalcorrelation in detection events. These results highlight the non-trivialstructure which may be present in the noise of quantum error correctioncircuits and support the development of noise-tailored codes and decoders toadapt.

Quantum computer error structure probed by quantum error correction syndrome measurements