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Hera represents the European Space Agency's inaugural planetary defence spacemission, and plays a pivotal role in the Asteroid Impact and DeflectionAssessment international collaboration with NASA DART mission that performedthe first asteroid deflection experiment using the kinetic impactor techniques.With the primary objective of conducting a detailed post-impact survey of theDidymos binary asteroid following the DART impact on its small moon calledDimorphos, Hera aims to comprehensively assess and characterize the feasibilityof the kinetic impactor technique in asteroid deflection while conductingin-depth investigation of the asteroid binary, including its physical andcompositional properties as well as the effect of the impact on the surfaceand/or shape of Dimorphos. In this work we describe the Hera radio scienceexperiment, which will allow us to precisely estimate key parameters, includingthe mass, which is required to determine the momentum enhancement resultingfrom the DART impact, mass distribution, rotational states, relative orbits,and dynamics of the asteroids Didymos and Dimorphos. Through a multi-arccovariance analysis we present the achievable accuracy for these parameters,which consider the full expected asteroid phase and are based on groundradiometric, Hera optical images, and Hera to CubeSats InterSatellite Linkradiometric measurements. The expected formal uncertainties for Didymos andDimorphos GM are better than 0.01% and 0.1%, respectively, while their J2formal uncertainties are better than 0.1% and 10%, respectively. Regardingtheir rotational state, the absolute spin pole orientations of the bodies canbe recovered to better than 1 degree, and Dimorphos spin rate to better than10^-3%. Dimorphos reconstructed relative orbit can be estimated at the sub-mlevel [...]

The Hera Radio Science Experiment at Didymos