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While conventional surface waves propagate along the surface and decayperpendicularly from the interface, the ghost surface polaritons show obliquepropagation direction with respect to the interface. Here, we have discoveredtopologically protected ghost surface polaritons by applying the latticetransformation optics method to gyromagnetic photonic crystals. By introducingthe transformation optics method to periodic systems, we develop the latticetransformation optics method to engineer the band structures and propagationdirections of the surface polaritons. We show that a simple sheartransformation on the square lattice can tailor the propagation directions withease. The reversed ghost surface polariton is discovered by setting a negativeshear factor. Interestingly, we find the topological invariant Chern numberwill change sign when the orientation of the Brillouin zone flipped during thetransformation. Our findings open up new avenues for studying ghost surfacepolaritons and provide a general engineering method for periodic systems.

Realizing topologically protected ghost surface polaritons by lattice transformation optics