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With momentum increasing in the use of social robots as long-term assistiveand collaborative partners, humans developing social bonds with theseartificial agents appears to be inevitable. In human-human dyads, socialbonding plays a powerful role in regulating behaviours, emotions, and evenhealth. If this is to extend to human-robot dyads, the phenomenology of suchrelationships (including their emergence and stability) must be betterunderstood. In this paper, we discuss potential approaches towardsoperationalizing the phenomenon of social bonding between human-robot dyads. Wewill discuss a number of biobehavioural proxies of social bonding, moving awayfrom existing approaches that use subjective, psychological measures, andinstead grounding our approach in some of the evolutionary, neurobiological andphysiological correlates of social bond formation in natural systems: (a)reductions in physiological stress (the ''social buffering'' phenomenon), (b)narrowing of spatial proximity between dyads, and (c) inter-dyad behaviouralsynchrony. We provide relevant evolutionary support for each proposedcomponent, with suggestions and considerations for how they can be recorded in(real-time) human-robot interaction scenarios. With this, we aim to inspiremore robust operationalisation of ''social bonding'' between human andartificial (robotic) agents.

Towards Operationalizing Social Bonding in Human-Robot Dyads