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Anomalous Hall effect (AHE), one of the most important electronic transportphenomena, generally appears in ferromagnetic materials but is rare inmaterials without magnetic elements. Here, we present a study ofLa$_3$MgBi$_5$, whose band structure carries multitype Dirac fermions. Althoughmagnetic elements are absent in La$_3$MgBi$_5$, clear signals of AHE can beobserved. In particular, the anomalous Hall conductivity is extremely large,reaching 42,356 $\Omega^{-1}$ cm$^{-1}$ with an anomalous Hall angle of 8.8 %,the largest one that has been observed in the current AHE systems. The AHE issuggested to originate from the combination of skew scattering and Berrycurvature. Another unique property discovered in La$_3$MgBi$_5$ is the axialdiamagnetism. The diamagnetism is significantly enhanced and dominates themagnetization in the axial directions, which is the result of restricted motionof the Dirac fermion at Fermi level. Our findings not only establishLa$_3$MgBi$_5$ as a suitable platform to study AHE and quantum transport, butalso indicate the great potential of 315-type Bi-based materials for exploringnovel physical properties.

Extremely large anomalous Hall conductivity and unusual axial diamagnetism in a quasi-1D Dirac material La$_3$MgBi$_5$