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The metaverse is a nascent concept that envisions a virtual universe, acollaborative space where individuals can interact, create, and participate ina wide range of activities. Privacy in the metaverse is a critical concern asthe concept evolves and immersive virtual experiences become more prevalent.The metaverse privacy problem refers to the challenges and concerns surroundingthe privacy of personal information and data within Virtual Reality (VR)environments as the concept of a shared VR space becomes more accessible.Metaverse will harness advancements from various technologies such asArtificial Intelligence (AI), Extended Reality (XR), Mixed Reality (MR), and5G/6G-based communication to provide personalized and immersive services to itsusers. Moreover, to enable more personalized experiences, the metaverse relieson the collection of fine-grained user data that leads to various privacyissues. Therefore, before the potential of the metaverse can be fully realized,privacy concerns related to personal information and data within VRenvironments must be addressed. This includes safeguarding users' control overtheir data, ensuring the security of their personal information, and protectingin-world actions and interactions from unauthorized sharing. In this paper, weexplore various privacy challenges that future metaverses are expected to face,given their reliance on AI for tracking users, creating XR and MR experiences,and facilitating interactions. Moreover, we thoroughly analyze technicalsolutions such as differential privacy, Homomorphic Encryption (HE), andFederated Learning (FL) and discuss related sociotechnical issues regardingprivacy.

Privacy Preservation in Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality (AI-XR) Metaverses: A Survey