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In ferromagnet/superconductor bilayer systems, dipolar fields from theferromagnet can create asymmetric energy barriers for the formation anddynamics of vortices through flux pinning. Conversely, the flux emanating fromvortices can pin the domain walls of the ferromagnet, thereby creatingasymmetric critical currents. Here, we report the observation of asuperconducting diode effect in a NbSe$_2$/CrGeTe$_3$ van der Waalsheterostructure in which the magnetic domains of CrGeTe$_3$ control theAbrikosov vortex dynamics in NbSe$_2$. In addition to extrinsic vortex pinningmechanisms at the edges of NbSe$_2$, flux-pinning-induced bulk pinning ofvortices can alter the critical current. This asymmetry can thus be explainedby considering the combined effect of this bulk pinning mechanism along withthe vortex tilting induced by the Lorentz force from the transport current inthe NbSe$_2$/CrGeTe$_3$ heterostructure. We also provide evidence of criticalcurrent modulation by flux pinning depending on the history of the fieldsetting procedure. Our results suggest a method of controlling the efficiencyof the superconducting diode effect in magnetically coupled van der Waalssuperconductors, where dipolar fields generated by the magnetic layer can beused to modulate the dynamics of the superconducting vortices in thesuperconductors.

Flux-pinning mediated superconducting diode effect in the NbSe$_2$/CrGeTe$_3$ heterostructure