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Functional materials such as magnetic, thermoelectric, and battery materialshave been revolutionized through nanostructure engineering. However, spincaloritronics, an advancing field based on spintronics and thermoelectrics withfundamental physics studies, has focused only on uniform materials withoutcomplex microstructures. Here, we show how nanostructure engineering enablestransforming simple magnetic alloys into spin-caloritronic materials displayingsignificantly large transverse thermoelectric conversion properties. Theanomalous Nernst effect (ANE), a promising transverse thermoelectric phenomenonfor energy harvesting and heat sensing, has been challenging to utilize due tothe scarcity of materials with large anomalous Nernst coefficients. Wedemonstrate a remarkable improvement in the anomalous Nernst coefficients inflexible Fe-based amorphous materials through nanostructural engineering,without altering their composition. This surpasses all reported amorphousalloys and is comparable to single crystals showing large ANE. The enhancementis attributed to Cu nano-clustering, facilitating efficient transversethermoelectric conversion. This discovery advances the materials science ofspin caloritronics, opening new avenues for designing high-performancetransverse thermoelectric devices for practical applications.

Creation of flexible spin-caloritronic material with giant transverse thermoelectric conversion by nanostructure engineering