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This paper considers a cell-free massive multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO)integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where distributed MIMOaccess points (APs) are used to jointly serve the communication users anddetect the presence of a single target. We investigate the problem of APoperation mode selection, wherein some APs are dedicated for downlinkcommunication, while the remaining APs are used for sensing purposes.Closed-form expressions for the individual spectral efficiency (SE) andmainlobe-to-average-sidelobe ratio (MASR) are derived, which are respectivelyutilized to assess the communication and sensing performances. Accordingly, amaxmin fairness problem is formulated and solved, where the minimum SE of theusers is maximized, subject to the per-AP power constraints as well as sensingMASR constraint. Our numerical results show that the proposed AP operation modeselection with power control can significantly improve the communicationperformance for given sensing requirements.

Cell-Free Massive MIMO for ISAC: Access Point Operation Mode Selection and Power Control