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The Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy(SCALES) is a $2-5~\mu$m, high-contrast integral field spectrograph (IFS)currently being built for Keck Observatory. With both low ($R\lesssim250$) andmedium ($R\sim3500-7000$) spectral resolution IFS modes, SCALES will detect andcharacterize significantly colder exoplanets than those accessible withnear-infrared ($\sim1-2~\mu$m) high-contrast spectrographs. This will lead tonew progress in exoplanet atmospheric studies, including detailedcharacterization of benchmark systems that will advance the state of the art ofatmospheric modeling. SCALES' unique modes, while designed specifically fordirect exoplanet characterization, will enable a broader range of novel(exo)planetary observations as well as galactic and extragalactic studies. Herewe present the science cases that drive the design of SCALES. We describe anend-to-end instrument simulator that we use to track requirements, and showsimulations of expected science yields for each driving science case. Weconclude with a discussion of preparations for early science when theinstrument sees first light in $\sim2025$.

The Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES): driving science cases and expected outcomes