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We discuss the unique phenomenology of first-order phase transitions (FOPTs)catalyzed by primordial black holes (BHs). Because of the enhancement of thevacuum nucleation rate around a BH, vacuum nucleation can be triggered onlyaround BHs. If the average number of BHs within one Hubble volume is smallerthan unity at the time of bubble nucleation, each bubble catalyzed around themexpands to the Hubble size, and the Hubble patches containing BHs transition tothe true vacuum, whereas the rest of the universe remains in the false vacuum.Assuming that the vacuum energy difference is negligible in relation to thetotal energy until a time close to the bubble collision, most false-vacuumpatches do not undergo inflation, and the entire universe is eventually filledwith true-vacuum bubbles much after BH formation and bubble nucleation. This"super-slow phase transition" scenario predicts enhanced gravitational wavesignals from bubble collisions and can be tested in future observations.Moreover, a small fraction of the universe remains in the false vacuum andinflates by chance, and the corresponding region can be seen as a BH from anoutside observer. This scenario of "birth of baby BHs from parent BHs" via thecatalyzed phase transition can account for the entire dark matter in ouruniverse.

Super-slow phase transition catalyzed by BHs and the birth of baby BHs