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Rigorous understanding of the self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals iscrucial to the development of tailored nanostructured materials. Despiteextensive studies, a mechanistic understanding of self-assembly undernon-equilibrium driven by an external field remains an ongoing challenge. Wedemonstrate self-assembly by optical tweezers imposing an external attractivefield for cubic-phase sodium yttrium fluoride nanocrystals. We show thatsurface roughness of the nanocrystals is a decisive factor for contact leadingto assembly between the nanocrystals, manifested by the roughness-dependenthydrodynamic resistivity. This provides direct evidence that dynamics areequally important to energetics in understanding self-assembly. These resultshave implications in a wide variety of different fields, such as inunderstanding the factors that mediate oriented attachment-based crystal growthor in interpreting the structure of binding sites on viruses.

Optical assembly of nanostructures mediated by surface roughness