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Numerous fires break out, especially from January to March every year,destroying thousands of shelters in the Rohingya Refugee Camps. In this study,a computational approach has been taken to analyze the fire dynamic behavior ofinformal settlements (ISs) in Rohingya Refugee Camps. The design parameters forthe mathematical model are determined based on a comprehensive survey carriedout in Rohingya Refugee Camps in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. This survey isconducted on three camps having distinctive fuel features, i.e., KutupalongRegistered Camp (KRC), Camp 5, and Camp 4 Extension (Ex), in order toaccumulate data on the type, density, arrangement of fuel, etc. Using thedataset of almost 500 shelters having 42 fuel characteristics features,simplified small scale representation of each camp under fire had been modelledin Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). It is found that Camp 5 is more vulnerable tofire hazard than Camp 4 Ex and KRC because of the dense fuel arrangement,bamboo structure and negligible separation distance between ISs. KRC's brickexterior acts as a fire barrier, and thereby despite having the largestinternal fuel load of all three camps, prevents further spreading of fire fromthe ignited enclosure. It is also found that type of building material andseparation distance are crucial for fire spread and increasing fuel loaddensity causes the ceiling temperature to rise higher and the flashover pointto approach faster. The findings of our study can be helpful for informeddecision making of fire safety measures in the Rohingya Refugee Camps.

A Computational Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Shelter Construction Material and Fuel Load on the Fire Spread Behavior in Rohingya Refugee Camp