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The traditional approach to studying near-field thermal transfer is based onfluctuational electrodynamics. However, this approach may not be suitable fornonequilibrium states due to dynamic drivings. In our work, we introduce atheoretical framework to describe the phenomenon of near-field heat transferbetween two metallic objects when subjected to periodic time modulations. Weutilize the machinery of nonequilibrium Green's function to derive generalexpressions for the DC energy current in Floquet space. Furthermore, we alsoobtain the energy current under the condition of small driving amplitude. Theexternal drivings create a nonequilibrium state, which gives rise to variouseffects such as heat-transfer enhancement, heat-transfer suppression, andcooling. To illustrate these phenomena, we conduct numerical calculations on asystem of Coulomb-coupled quantum dots, and specifically investigate thescenario of periodically driving electronic reservoir. In our calculations, weemploy the $G_0W_0$ approximation, which does not require self-consistentiteration and is suitable for weak Coulomb interaction. Our theoreticalformalism can be applied to study near-field energy transfer between twometallic plates under periodic time modulations.

Modulating near-field thermal transfer through temporal drivings: a quantum many-body theory