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We investigate the role of superconducting phase fluctuations in generic 2Dsuperconductors. For nodal d-wave superconductors, it is found that the thermal(static) phase fluctuations in the normal state significantly broaden thed-wave nodes, and lead to the pseudogap and accompanying Fermi arcs in a quitegeneral manner. The formation of Fermi arcs can be depicted by theintertwinement between d-wave superconductivity and the scattering of Cooperpairs. To support our theoretical findings, we numerically report theobservation of Fermi arcs in a concrete lattice model, proposed originally byX. Y. Xu and T. Grover in Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 217002 (2021), using thedeterminant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) method without the infamous signproblem. As far as we noticed, it is the first time in a highly-correlatedmodel that the Fermi arcs are identified with unbiased DQMC simulations.Despite the conciseness of our theory, our simulation results confirm thetheoretical predictions qualitatively.

The interplay of phase fluctuations and nodal quasiparticles: ubiquitous Fermi arcs in two-dimensional d-wave superconductors