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While it is widely accepted that the steel-concrete interface (SCI) plays animportant role in governing the long-term durability of reinforced concretestructures, understanding about the primary features of the SCI that influencecorrosion degradation mechanisms has remained elusive. This lack of knowledgecan be attributed, on the one hand, to the complex heterogeneous nature of theSCI, and, on the other hand, the absence of experimental techniques suitablefor studying the relevant features of the SCI. Here, we use focused ion beam -scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) nanotomography to obtain high resolution3D tomograms of the steel-concrete interfacial zone. Five tomograms, spanningvolumes ranging from 8,000 to 200,000 cubic micrometer, were acquired forsituations representative of both non-corroded and corroded SCIs. The achievedvoxel size falls within the range of 30-50 nm, thus providing a resolutionclearly surpassing the capabilities of computed X-ray tomography. Thisresolution enables the 3D characterization of the microstructure at thecapillary scale, which is the scale at which relevant corrosion and relatedmass transport processes occur. Thus, FIB-SEM nanotomography is capable ofyielding datasets of the SCI that serve as basis for the generation of digitaltwins of the interfacial microstructure, thereby enabling future studies aboutdurability and corrosion of reinforced concrete at the pore scale.

Three-dimensional characterization of the steel-concrete interface by FIB-SEM nanotomography