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Historical weather records from Europe indicate that the Earth experiencedsubstantial climate variability, which caused, for instance, the Little Ice Ageand the global crisis in the period between the 14th and 19th centuries.However, it is still unclear how global this climate variability was because ofthe scarce meteorological data availability in other regions including EastAsia, especially around the 17th century. In this context, Seungjeongwon Ilgi,a daily record of the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, is aprecious source of historical meteorological records for the Korean Peninsula,as it covers 288 years of weather observations made during 1623-1910. We usedthe digital database of Seungjeongwon Ilgi to construct a machine-readableweather condition dataset. To this end, we extracted valid weather informationfrom the original weather description text and compiled them into predefinedweather categories. Additionally, we attempted to improve the usability of thedataset by converting the reported dates in the traditional calendar system tothose in the Gregorian calendar. Finally, we outlined the promisingimplications of this dataset for meteorological and climatological studies,while describing the limitations of the dataset. Overall, future studiesfocusing on the climate and weather of the past could use this meteorologicaldatabase for investigating long-term climate variability. Our datasets arepublicly available at 10.5281/zenodo.8142701.

Digitization of Weather Records of Seungjeongwon Ilgi: A Historical Weather Dynamics Dataset of the Korean Peninsula in 1623-1910