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Using the cosmological simulations IllustrisTNG, we perform a comprehensiveanalysis of quiescent, massive galaxies at $z \gtrsim 3$. The goal is tounderstand what suppresses their star formation so early in cosmic time, andhow other similar mass galaxies remain highly star-forming. We find that activegalactic nuclei (AGN) feedback is the primary cause of halting star formationin early, massive galaxies. Not only do the central supermassive black holes ofthe quenched galaxies have earlier seed times, but they also grow faster thanin star-forming galaxies. As a result, the quenched galaxies are exposed to AGNfeedback for longer, and experience the kinetic, jet mode of the AGN feedbackearlier than the star-forming galaxies. The release of kinetic energy reducesinflows of gas while likely maintaining outflows, which keeps a low cold gasfraction and decreases the star formation of the galaxies down to a state ofquiescence. In addition to AGN feedback, we also investigate the influence ofthe large-scale environment. While mergers do not play a significant role inthe quenching process, the quenched galaxies tend to reside in more massivehalos and denser regions during their evolution. As this provides a greaterinitial amount of infalling gas to the galaxies, the large-scale environmentcan mildly affect the fate of the central black hole growth and, via AGNfeedback, contribute to star-formation quenching.

On the origin of star-formation quenching in massive galaxies at $z \gtrsim 3$ in the cosmological simulations IllustrisTNG