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We investigate the joint primary mass, mass ratio, and redshift distributionof astrophysical black holes using the gravitational wave events detected bythe LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration and included in the third gravitational wavetransient catalogue. We reconstruct this distribution using Bayesiannon-parametric methods, which are data-driven models able to infer arbitraryprobability densities under minimal mathematical assumptions. We find evidencefor the evolution with redshift of both the primary mass and mass ratiodistribution: our analysis shows the presence of two distinct sub-populationsin the primary mass - redshift plane, with the lighter population, $\lesssim$20 $M_\odot$, disappearing at higher redshifts, $z > 0.4$. The mass ratiodistribution shows no support for symmetric binaries. The observed populationof coalescing binary black holes evolves with look-back time, suggesting atrend in metallicity with redshift and/or the presence of multiple,redshift-dependent formation channels.

Evidence for the evolution of black hole mass function with redshift