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We present a framework of dark patterns grounded in user expectations. Incontrast to prior approaches that treat design techniques as inherently eithergood or bad, we analyze mismatched user expectations for application behaviorusing concepts -- reusable units of functionality that users encounter acrossapplications. We define a design as dark when its concepts violate users'expectations, and benefit the provider of the application at the user'sexpense. Though user expectations can differ, leading to subjective perceptionsof the ethics of an interface, users tend to develop common expectations asthey encounter the same concepts repeatedly across multiple applications. Thisreuse results in users having shared expectations of concept functionality,which we can record as standard concepts. Through case studies, we illustratehow concept analysis helps designers identify, compare, and resolve darkpatterns. We suggest a shift away from dark pattern taxonomies toward moresystematic, actionable accounts of interface design ethics

Beyond Dark Patterns: A Concept-Based Framework for Software Design Ethics