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Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) based on quadrature measurements ofthe vacuum have so far used balanced homodyne detection to obtain a source ofhigh entropy. Here we propose a simple direct detection measurement schemeusing only a laser and a photodiode that still extracts randomness from vacuumfluctuations. We prove the security of the QRNG based on a reduced set ofassumptions in comparison to previous security proofs for quadrature detectionas our proof does not require the laser or electronic noise to be Gaussian.Using a low-cost setup based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser weexperimentally implement the QRNG scheme. We propose a system characterizationmethod, apply it to our implementation and demonstrate a real-time randomnessextraction rate of 3.41 Gbit per second. The unique combination of speed, lowcost, and rigorous security proof gives our QRNG design a large potential for awide-scale usage in a variety of applications ranging from quantum keydistribution to mobile applications and internet of things.

Multi-Gbps quantum randomness source based on direct detection and vacuum states