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Convection-driven porous media flows are common in industrial processes andin nature. The multiscale and multiphase character of these systems and theinherent non-linear flow dynamics make convection in porous media a complexphenomenon. As a result, a combination of different complementary approaches,namely theory, simulations and experiments, have been deployed to elucidate theintricate physics of convection in porous media. In this work, we review recentfindings on mixing in fluid-saturated porous media convection. We focus on thedissolution of a heavy fluid layer into a lighter one, and we considerdifferent flow configurations. We present Darcy, pore-scale and Hele-Shawinvestigations inspired by geophysical processes. While the results obtainedfor Darcy flows match the dissolution behaviour predicted theoretically,Hele-Shaw and pore-scale investigations reveal a different and tangled scenarioin which finite-size effects play a key role. Finally, we present recentnumerical and experimental developments and we highlight possible futureresearch directions. The findings reviewed in this work will be crucial to makereliable predictions about the long-term behaviour of dissolution and mixing inengineering and natural processes, which are required to tackle societalchallenges such as climate change mitigation and energy transition.

Convective mixing in porous media: A review of Darcy, pore-scale and Hele-Shaw studies