English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

We apply the barred Schwarzschild method developed by Tahmasebzadeh et al.(2022) to a barred S0 galaxy, NGC 4371, observed by IFU instruments from theTIMER and ATLAS3D projects. We construct the gravitational potential bycombining a fixed black hole mass, a spherical dark matter halo, and stellarmass distribution deprojected from $3.6$ $\mu$m S$^4$G image considering anaxisymmetric disk and a triaxial bar. We create two sets of independent models,fitting the kinematic data derived from TIMER and ATLAS3D, separately. Themodels fit all the kinematic data remarkably well. We find a consistent barpattern speed from the two sets of models, with $\Omega_{\rm p} = 23.6 \pm 2.8\hspace{.08cm} \mathrm{km \hspace{.04cm} s^{-1} \hspace{.04cm} kpc^{-1} }$. Thedimensionless bar rotation parameter is determined to be $ R_{\rm cor}/R_{\rmbar}=2.2 \pm 0.4$, indicating a slow bar in NGC 4371. Besides, we obtain a darkmatter fraction $M_{\rm DM}/ M_{\rm total}$ of $\sim 0.51 \pm 0.06$ within thebar region. Our results support the scenario that bars may slow down in thepresence of dynamical friction with a significant amount of dark matter in thedisk regions. Based on our model, we further decompose the galaxy into multiple3D orbital structures, including a BP/X bar, a classical bulge, a nuclear disk,and a main disk. The BP/X bar is not perfectly included in the input 3D densitymodel, but BP/X-supporting orbits are picked through the fitting to thekinematic data. This is the first time a real barred galaxy has been modeledutilizing the Schwarzschild method including a 3D bar. Our model can be appliedto a large number of nearby barred galaxies with IFU data, and it willsignificantly improve the previous models in which the bar is not explicitlyincluded.

Schwarzschild Modeling of Barred S0 Galaxy NGC 4371