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The majority of molecules proposed for laser cooling and trapping experimentshave $\Sigma$-type ground states. Specifically, $^2\Sigma$ states have cyclingtransitions analogous to D1-lines in alkali-metal atoms while $^1\Sigma$ statesoffer both strong and weak cycling transitions analogous to those inalkaline-earth atoms. Despite this proposed variety, to date, only moleculeswith $^2\Sigma$-type ground states have successfully been confined and cooledin magneto-optical traps. While none of the proposed $^1\Sigma$-type moleculeshave been successfully laser cooled and trapped, they are expected to havevarious advantages in terms of exhibiting a lower chemical reactivity and aninternal structure that benefits the cooling schemes. Here, we present theprospects and strategies for optical cycling in AlCl -- a $^1\Sigma$ molecule-- and report on the characterization of the $A^{1}\Pi$ state hyperfinestructure. Based on these results, we carry out detailed simulations on theexpected capture velocity of a magneto-optical trap for AlCl. Finally, using{\it ab initio} calculations, we identify the photodissociation via a $3^1\Pi$state and photoionization process via the $3^1\Sigma^+$ state as possible lossmechanisms for a magneto-optical trap of AlCl.

Hyperfine structure of the $\mathbf{A^{1}\Pi}$ state of AlCl and its relevance to laser cooling and trapping