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We present a clustering analysis of the BOSS DR12 CMASS galaxy sample,combining measurements of the galaxy two-point correlation function anddensity-split clustering down to a scale of $1\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$. Ourtheoretical framework is based on emulators trained on high-fidelity mockgalaxy catalogues that forward model the cosmological dependence of theclustering statistics within an extended-$\Lambda$CDM framework, includingredshift-space and Alcock-Paczynski distortions. Our base-$\Lambda$CDM analysisfinds $\omega_{\rm cdm} = 0.1201\pm 0.0022$, $\sigma_8 = 0.792\pm 0.034$, and$n_s = 0.970\pm 0.018$, corresponding to $f\sigma_8 = 0.462\pm 0.020$ at $z\approx 0.525$, which is in agreement with Planck 2018 predictions and variousclustering studies in the literature. We test single-parameter extensions tobase-$\Lambda$CDM, varying the running of the spectral index, the dark energyequation of state, and the density of massless relic neutrinos, finding nocompelling evidence for deviations from the base model. We model thegalaxy-halo connection using a halo occupation distribution framework, findingsignatures of environment-based assembly bias in the data. We validate ourpipeline against mock catalogues that match the clustering and selectionproperties of CMASS, showing that we can recover unbiased cosmologicalconstraints even with a volume 84 times larger than the one used in this study.

Cosmological constraints from density-split clustering in the BOSS CMASS galaxy sample