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Solar flares - which are the most prominent manifestation of the solaractivity - typically manifest themselves as a single or a set of luminous arcs(magnetic flux tubes) rooted in regions of opposite polarity in thephotosphere. However, a careful analysis of the archival data by Hinodesatellite sometimes reveals surprising cases of flaring arcs whose footpointsbelong to regions of the same polarity or to areas without any appreciablemagnetic field. Despite the counterintuitive nature of this phenomenon, it canbe reasonably interpreted in the framework of the so-called 'topological model'of magnetic reconnection, where a magnetic null point is formed due to specificsuperposition of influences from remote sources rather than by local currentsystems. As a result, the energy release propagates along a separator of theflipping two-dome structure rather than along a fixed magnetic field line.Therefore, the luminous arc needs not to be associated anymore immediately withthe magnetic sources. Here, we report both observational cases of theabove-mentioned type as well as provide their theoretical model and numericalsimulations.

The unipolar solar flares as a manifestation of the 'topological' magnetic reconnection