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Cloud computing platforms are progressively adopting Field Programmable GateArrays to deploy specialized hardware accelerators for specific computationaltasks. However, the security of FPGA-based bitstream for Intellectual Property,IP cores from unauthorized interception in cloud environments remains aprominent concern. Existing methodologies for protection of such bitstreamspossess several limitations, such as requiring a large number of keys, tyingbitstreams to specific FPGAs, and relying on trusted third parties. This paperproposes Aggregate Encryption and Individual Decryption, a cryptosystem basedon key aggregation to enhance the security of FPGA-based bitstream for IP coresand to address the pitfalls of previous related works. In our proposed scheme,IP providers can encrypt their bitstreams with a single key for a set S of FPGAboards, with which the bitstreams can directly be decrypted on any of the FPGAboards in S. Aggregate encryption of the key is performed in a way whichensures that the key can solely be obtained onboard through individualdecryption employing the board's private key, thus facilitating secure keyprovisioning. The proposed cryptosystem is evaluated mainly on Zynq FPGAs. Theoutcomes demonstrate that our cryptosystem not only outperforms existingtechniques with respect to resource, time and energy significantly but alsoupholds robust security assurances.

AgEncID: Aggregate Encryption Individual Decryption of Key for FPGA Bitstream IP Cores in Cloud