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Using Raman spectroscopy to study the correlated 4d-electron metal Sr2RhO4,we observe pronounced excitations at 220 meV and 240 meV with A1g and B1gsymmetries, respectively. We identify them as transitions between thespin-orbit multiplets of the Rh ions, in close analogy to the spin-orbitexcitons in Mott insulators Sr2IrO4 and $\alpha$-RuCl3. This observationprovides direct evidence for the unquenched spin-orbit coupling in Sr2RhO4. Aquantitative analysis of the data reveals that the tetragonal crystal field$\Delta$ in Sr2RhO4 has a sign opposite to that in insulating Sr2IrO4, whichenhances the planar xy orbital character of the effective J = 1/2 wavefunction.This supports a metallic ground state, and suggests that the c-axis compressionof Sr2RhO4 may transform it into a quasi-two dimensional antiferromagneticinsulator.

Spin-orbit excitons in a correlated metal: Raman scattering study of Sr2RhO4