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We report the lithium plating associated capacity loss during fast chargingof compressively loaded lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The charging anddischarging of LIB under compressive loading during service may affect the cellperformance or initiate localized defects in the electrodes. Pouch cells ofcapacity 20mAh were compressively loaded to nominal pressures of 0-440 kPa andsubjected to 10 cycles of fast charging at 1C and 4C. Experimental results showthat cells charged at 4C-rate experienced significant capacity fade, andapplying compressive loads exacerbated the capacity loss. The coulombicefficiency study shows that active lithium loss was higher for the initialcycles before gradually reducing to a minimal capacity loss for the tenthcharging cycle. The cell voltage relaxation immediately after charging wasmonitored to identify the stripping of plated lithium after fast chargingcycles and showed that the duration of lithium stripping was higher for cellsunder mechanical compressive loading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) andElectron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) characterization of theanode showed significantly higher lithium deposits on the anodes charged at a4C rate under compressive loads. These results indicate that applied mechanicalcompression causes increased lithium plating during fast charging of batteries.

Lithium plating induced degradation during fast charging of batteries subjected to compressive loading