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Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography is a medical imaging technique,based on the detection of two back-to-back {\gamma}-photons generated fromradiotracers injected in the body. Its limit is the ability of employedscintillation detectors to discriminate in time the arrival of {\gamma}-pairs,i.e. the coincidence time resolution (CTR). A CTR < 50 ps that would enablefast imaging with ultralow radiotracer dose. Monolithic materials do not havesimultaneously the required high light output and fast emissioncharacteristics, thus the concept of scintillating heterostructure is proposed,where the device is made of a dense scintillator coupled to a fast-emittinglight material. Here we present a composite polymeric scintillator, whosedensity has been increased upon addition of hafnium oxide nanoparticles. Thisenhanced by +300% its scintillation yield, surpassing commercial plasticscintillators. The nanocomposite is coupled to bismuth germanate oxide (BGO)realizing a multilayer scintillator. We observed the energy sharing between itscomponents, which activate the nanocomposite fast emission enabling a net CTRimprovement of 25% with respect to monolithic BGO. These results demonstratethat a controlled loading with dense nanomaterials is an excellent strategy toenhance the performance of polymeric scintillators for their use in advancedradiation detection and imaging technologies.

Fast emitting nanocomposites for high-resolution ToF-PET imaging based on multicomponent scintillators