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The recent discovery of transient negative capacitance has sparked an intensedebate on the role of homogeneous and inhomogeneous mechanisms in polarizationsswitching. In this work, we report observation of transient negativecapacitance in improper ferroelectric h-YbFeO3 films in a resistor-capacitorcircuit, and a concaved shape of anomaly in the voltage wave form, in the earlyand late stage of the polarizations switching respectively. Using aphenomenological model, we show that the early-stage negative capacitance islikely due to the inhomogeneous switching involving nucleation and domain wallmotion, while the anomaly at the late stage, which appears to be a reminiscentnegative capacitance is the manifestation of the thermodynamically unstablepart of the free-energy landscape in the homogeneous switching. The complexfree-energy landscape in hexagonal ferrites may be the key to cause the abruptchange in polarization switching speed and the corresponding anomaly. Theseresults reconcile the two seemingly conflicting mechanisms in the polarizationswitching and highlight their different roles at different stages. The uniqueenergy-landscape in hexagonal ferrites that reveals the dual switchingmechanism suggests the promising application potential in terms of negativecapacitance.

Duality of switching mechanisms and transient negative capacitance in improper ferroelectrics