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In this paper, high-resolution multispectral satellite images were used touncover a remarkable shoreline transformation in Lake Michigan coastal areas,driven by a record-setting increase in the water level between 2013 and 2020.Shoreline change analyses were conducted for eleven different natural beachesaround the lake, unveiling significant variations of shoreline retreat despitebeing affected by the same water level increase. The average observed shorelineretreats between 2013 and 2020 for the beaches ranged between 20 m and 62 m.When the passive inundation was excluded, the estimated morphological changeswere found to differ significantly from site to site, with some locationsexperiencing minimal changes, while others encountered considerablemorphological changes of up to 38m. The examination of the correlation betweenthe morphological changes and ten hydrodynamic and morphological factorsrevealed strong correlations with the offshore slopes and beach width, withsteeply sloping, wide beaches experiencing more erosion. Notably, wave power,longshore sediment transport divergence, and the number of storms exhibitedmoderate correlation with the observed morphological changes. The results ofthe shoreline changes and correlation analysis offer valuable insights into thevaried effects of increased water levels on Lake Michigan beaches, includingerosion and passive inundation, while shedding light on the key factors drivingshoreline erosion in this context. These insights can help decision andpolicymakers in making informed choices regarding the protection and managementof Lake Michigan coastal areas, particularly in anticipation of futureincidents of water level increase.

Unveiling Significant Shoreline Changes in Lake Michigan After a Record-Setting Water Level Increase using High-Resolution Satellite Images