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X-ray photons from energetic sources such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can bescattered on dust clouds in the Milky Way, creating a time-evolving halo aroundthe GRB position. X-ray observations of such halos allow the measurement ofdust clouds distances in the Galaxy on which the scattering occurs. We presentthe first systematic comparison of the distances to scattering regions derivedfrom GRB halos with the 3D dust distribution derived from recently publishedoptical-to-near infrared extinction maps. GRB halos were observed around 7sources by the Swift XRT and the XMM-Newton EPIC instruments, namely GRB031203, GRB 050713A, GRB 050724, GRB 061019, GRB 070129, GRB 160623A and GRB221009A. We used four 3D extinction maps that exploit photometric data fromdifferent surveys and apply diverse algorithms for the 3D mapping ofextinction, and compared the X-ray halo-derived distances with the local maximain the 3D extinction density distribution. We found that in all GRBs we canfind at least one local maximum in the 3D dust extinction map that is inagreement with the dust distance measured from X-ray rings. For GRBs withmultiple X-ray rings, the dust distance measurements coincide with at least 3maxima in the extinction map for GRB 160623A, and 5 maxima for GRB 221009A. Theagreement of these independent distance measurements shows that the methodsused to create dust extinction maps may potentially be optimized by the X-rayhalo observations from GRBs.

Comparison of distance measurements to dust clouds using GRB X-ray halos and 3D dust extinction