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Recent discovery of giant electrostriction in rare earth (RE (III))substituted ceria (CeO2) thin films driven by electroactive defect complexesand their coordinated elastic response, expands the material spectrum forelectrostrain applications beyond the conventional piezoelectric materials.Especially Gd substituted CeO2, with Gd concentration >10% seems to be an idealmaterial to obtain such large electrostrain response. However, there are notmany experimental studies that systematically investigate the effect of RE(III) ion-defect interaction and RE concentration on electrostriction. Here weperform structure-property correlation studies in bulk ceramics of RE3+substituted ceria doped with RE=Y, La and Gd at various concentrations upto amaximum of 20%, to understand the features responsible for giantelectrostriction. Our results show that Y substituted ceria, with atleast 20% Ysubstitution, is clearly both a giant M and a Q electrostrictor at lowfrequencies (<20 Hz), and this correlates with the unique attractivedefect-dopant interaction of Y with oxygen vacancies. La has a repulsiveinteraction with oxygen vacancies, and La doped ceria at all the studiedcompositions (upto 20%) does not show giant electrostiction. Gd has a neutralinteraction, and only 20% Gd doped ceria at best falls at the border ofclassification between giant and non-giant electrostrictors at frequencies<0.05 Hz. Our work takes a step back from thin-films and assesses thefundamental defect features required in the design of giant electrostrictors.

Giant electrostriction in bulk RE (III) substituted CeO2: effect of RE 3+ and its concentration