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Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are localized states existing within acontinuous spectrum of delocalized waves. Emerging multilayer photonicintegrated circuit (PIC) platforms allow implementation of low index 1D guidedmodes within a high-index 2D slab mode continuum; however, conventional wisdomsuggests that this always leads to large radiation losses. Here we demonstratelow-loss BIC guided modes for multiple mode polarizations and spatial orders insingle- and multi-ridge low-index waveguides within a two-layer heterogeneouslyintegrated electro-optically active photonic platform. The transverse electric(TE) polarized quasi-BIC guided mode with low, <1.4 dB/cm loss enables aMach-Zehnder electro-optic amplitude modulator comprising a single straightSi3N4 ridge waveguide integrated with a continuous LiNbO3 slab layer. Theabrupt optical transitions at the edges of the slab function as compact andefficient directional couplers eliminating the need for additional components.The modulator exhibits a low insertion loss of 2.3 dB and a high extinctionratio of 25 dB. The developed general theoretical model may enable innovativeBIC-based approaches for important PIC functions, such as agile spectralfiltering and switching, and may suggest new photonic architectures for quantumand neural network applications based on controlled interactions betweenmultiple guided and delocalized modes.

Bound-state-in-continuum guided modes in a multilayer electro-optically active photonic integrated circuit platform