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We introduce a mathematical framework for statistical exoplanet populationand astrobiology studies that may help directing future observational effortsand experiments. The approach is based on a set of differential equations andprovides a time-dependent mapping between star formation, metal enrichment, andthe occurrence of exoplanets and potentially life-harboring worlds over thechemo-population history of the solar neighborhood. Our results are summarizedas follows: 1) the formation of exoplanets in the solar vicinity was episodic,starting with the emergence of the thick disk about 11 Gyr ago; 2) within 100pc from the Sun, there are as many as 11,000 (eta/0.24) Earth-size planets inthe habitable zone ("temperate terrestrial planets" or TTPs) of K-type stars.The solar system is younger than the median TTP, and was created in a starformation surge that peaked 5.5 Gyr ago and was triggered by an external agent;3) the metallicity modulation of the giant planet occurrence rate results in alater typical formation time, with TTPs outnumbering giant planets at earlytimes; 4) the closest, life-harboring Earth-like planet would be < 20 pc awayif microbial life arose as soon as it did on Earth in > 1 % of the TTPs aroundK stars. If simple life is abundant (fast abiogenesis), it is also old, as itwould have emerged more than 8 Gyr ago in about one third of all life-bearingplanets today. Older Earth analogs are more likely to have developedsufficiently complex life capable of altering the environment and producingdetectable oxygenic biosignatures.

Beyond the Drake Equation: A Time-Dependent Inventory of Habitable Planets and Life-Bearing Worlds in the Solar Neighborhood