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The cellular environment is crowded with macromolecules of different shapesand sizes. The effect of this macromolecular crowding has been studied in avariety of synthetic crowding environments: two popular examples are thecompact colloid-like Ficoll macromolecule, and the globular protein bovineserum albumin (BSA). Recent studies have indicated a significant component ofbound or surface-associated water in these crowders reduces the available freevolume. In this work, Brillouin light scattering experiments were performed onaqueous solutions of Ficoll 70 and Ficoll 400 with concentrations ranging from1 wt% to 35 wt% and BSA with concentrations of 1 wt% to 27 wt%. From thedependence of spectral peak parameters on polymer concentration, we determinedfundamental solution properties: hypersound velocity, adiabatic bulk modulusand compressibility, apparent viscosity, and hypersound attenuation. Existingtheory that ignores intermolecular interactions can only capture the observedlinear trends in the frequency shift up to a threshold concentration, beyondwhich a quadratic term accounting for intermolecular interactions is necessary.This likely indicates a transition from the dilute to semi-dilute regime. Inthe Ficoll solutions (but not BSA) we see evidence for a central mode, with acharacteristic relaxation time of 20 ps, that we attribute to exchange of thebound water.

Concentration Dependence of Elastic and Viscoelastic Properties of  Aqueous Solutions of Ficoll and Bovine Serum Albumin by Brillouin Light  Scattering Spectroscopy