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Metaphors and sarcasm are precious fruits of our highly-evolved socialcommunication skills. However, children with Asperger syndrome are known tohave difficulties in comprehending sarcasm, even if they possess a certainlevel of verbal IQ sufficient for understanding metaphors. Given that, ascreening test that scores the ability to understand metaphor and sarcasm hasbeen used to differentiate Asperger syndrome from other symptoms exhibitingakin external behaviors (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Thisstudy uses the standardized test to examine the capability of recent largelanguage models (LLMs) in understanding human nuanced communication. Theresults divulged that, whereas their ability to comprehend metaphors has beenimproved with the increase of the number of model parameters, the improvementin sarcasm understanding was not observed. This implies that an alternativeapproach is imperative to imbue LLMs with the capacity to grasp sarcasm, whichhas been associated with the amygdala, a pivotal cerebral region for emotionallearning, in the case of humans.

Evaluating large language models' ability to understand metaphor and sarcasm using a screening test for Asperger syndrome