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Researchers manipulate and measure quantum processing units via the classicalelectronics control system. We developed an open-source FPGA-based quantum bitcontrol system called QubiC for superconducting qubits. After a few years ofqubit calibration and testing experience on QubiC 1.0, we recognized the needfor mid-circuit measurements and feed-forward capabilities to implementadvanced quantum algorithms effectively. Moreover, following the development ofRFSoC technology, we upgraded the system to QubiC 2.0 on an Xilinx ZCU216evaluation board and developed all these enriched features. The system usesportable FPGA gateware with a simplified processor to handle commandson-the-fly. For design simplicity and straightforward scaling, we adopted amulti-core distributed architecture, assigning one processor core per qubit.The actual pulses combine the unique pulse envelope and carrier informationspecified in a command. Each pulse envelope is pre-stored on FPGA's block RAMs,ensuring the speed and reusability during the whole circuit. The pulseparameters including amplitude, phase, and frequency can be updated from pulseto pulse. The software stack is developed in Python, running on both the FPGA'sARM core and host computer via XML-RPC. The quantum circuit can be described ina high-level language, which supports programming at both pulse-level andnative-gate level, and includes high-level control flow constructs. The QubiCsoftware stack compiles these quantum programs into binary commands that can beloaded into the FPGA. With Qubic 2.0, we successfully achieved multi-FPGAsynchronization in bench tests and demonstrated simplified feed-forwardexperiments on conditional circuits. The enhanced QubiC system represents asignificant step forward in quantum computing, providing researchers withpowerful tools to explore and implement advanced quantum algorithms andapplications.

QubiC 2.0: An Extensible Open-Source Qubit Control System Capable of Mid-Circuit Measurement and Feed-Forward