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This study reveals a possible correlation between splashing morphology andthe normalized impact force exerted by an impacting drop on a solid surface.This finding is obtained from a newly proposed feature extraction method and asubsequent interpretation of the classification of splashing and non-splashingdrops performed by an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) videoclassifier. Notably, the values of the weight matrix elements of the XAI thatcorrespond to the extracted features are found to change with the temporalevolution of the drop morphology. We compute the rate of change of thecontributions of each frame with respect to the classification value of a videoas an important index to quantify the contributions of the extracted splashingand non-splashing features at different impact times to the classification ofthe XAI model. Remarkably, the rate computed for the extracted splashingfeatures is found to closely match the profile of the normalized impact force,where the splashing features are most pronounced immediately after thenormalized impact force reaches its peak value. This study has provided anexample that clarifies the relationship between the complex morphologicalevolution of a splashing drop and physical parameters by interpreting theclassification of an XAI video classifier.

Correlation between morphological evolution of splashing drop and  exerted impact force revealed by interpretation of explainable artificial  intelligence