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We show that laser wakefield electron accelerators in meter-scale, lowdensity hydrodynamic plasma waveguides operate in a new nonlinear propagationregime where sustained beating of lowest order modes of the ponderomotivelymodified channel plays a significant role, whether or not the injected pulse islinearly matched to the guide. For a continuously doped gas jet, this modebeating effect leads to ionization injection and a striated multi-GeV energyspectrum of multiple quasi-monoenergetic peaks; the same process in a locallydoped jet produces single multi-GeV peaks with <10% energy spread. A 3-stagemodel of drive laser pulse evolution and ionization injection characterizes thebeating effect and explains our experimental results.

Guided mode evolution and ionization injection in meter-scale multi-GeV laser wakefield accelerators