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Immersed boundary (IB) methods with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) techniquesare assessed for atmospheric entry applications, including effects of chemicalnonequilibrium (CNE) and gas-surface interactions (GSI). The performance of aconservative cut-cell and two non-conservative ghost-cell IB methods isassessed in comparison with analytical solutions, data from literature, andresults obtained with a reference solver that operates on body-fitted grids.All solvers use the same external thermochemistry library so that all observeddifferences can be attributed to the underlying numerical methods. Results fromeight benchmark cases are reported. Four cases are selected to verify theimplementation of chemistry, transport properties, catalytic boundaryconditions, and shock capturing. Four validation cases consider bluntgeometries with adiabatic/isothermal and inert/catalytic/ablative boundaryconditions. Overall, the results obtained with the IB solvers are in very goodagreement with the reference data. Discrepancies arise with ghost-cell methodsfor cases with large temperature or concentration gradients at the wall and areattributed to mass conservation errors. Only a strictly conservative cut-cellIB method is on par with body-fitted grid methods.

Assessment of Immersed Boundary Methods for Hypersonic Flows with Gas-Surface Interactions