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Free-ranging dogs (FRDs) in human-dominated areas encounter obstacles such asnoise, pollution, limited food sources, and anthropogenic disturbance whileresting. Since FRDs have survived as a population in India, as in many otherparts of the Global South for centuries, they provide a unique opportunity tostudy adaptation of animals to the human-dominated urban landscape. Wedocumented factors impacting resting behaviour and site preferences in threestates of India, for 284 dogs, leading to 6047 observations over 3 years. 7physical parameters of the resting sites, along with the biological factorslike mating and pup-rearing and time of day affected their choice of restingsites. The frequency-rank distribution of the unique combinations in which theparameters were selected followed a Power law distribution, which suggestsunderlying biological reasons for the observed preferences. Further, 3 of theseparameters showed maximum consistency of choice in terms of the sub-parametersselected, explaining 30% of the observations. FRDs prefer to rest close totheir resource sites within the territory, at a place that enabled maximumvisibility of the surroundings. They chose such sites in the core of theterritory for sleeping. At other times, they chose such sites away from thecore, and were less restive, thus allowing for immediate response in case ofintrusion or threat. They generally avoided anthropogenic disturbance forsleeping, and preferred areas with shade.Incorporating these aspects into urbanmanagement plans can promote human-dog cooperation and reduce situations ofconflict. We envisage more inclusive urban areas in the future, that can allowfor co-existence of the humans and their oldest companions in the commensalrelationship that has been maintained for hundreds of generations of dogs inthis part of the world.

Where do free-ranging dogs rest? A population level study reveals hidden patterns in resting site choice