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We investigated how different materials affect the orbital-charge conversionin heterostructures with the naturally oxidized cooper capping layer. When weadded a thin layer of $CuOx(3nm)$ onto yttrium iron garnet $(YIG)/W$ stacks, weobserved a significant reduction in the charge current signal measured by meansthe spin pumping effect technique. This finding contrasts with the results of aprior study conducted on YIG/Pt/CuOx, which reported the opposite effect. Onthe other hand, when we added the same $CuOx(3nm)$ layer to $YIG/Ti(4nm)$structures, there was not much change in the spin pumping signal. This occurredbecause Ti does not generate much orbital current at the $Ti/CuOx$ interface,unlike Pt, due to its weaker spin-orbit coupling. Interestingly, when we addedthe $CuOx(3nm)$ layer to $SiO_{2}/Py(5nm)/Pt(4nm)$ structures, the spin pumpingsignal increased. However, in $SiO_{2}/CuOx(3nm)/Pt(4nm)/Py(5nm)$ structures,the signal decreased. Finally, we delve into a theoretical analysis of the spin(orbital) Hall effect in YIG/Heavy-metal systems. These findings have thepotential to advance research in the innovative field of orbitronics andcontribute to the development of new technologies based on spin-orbitalconversion.

Exploring orbital-charge conversion mediated by interfaces with copper through spin-orbital pumping