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Early dark energy is a promising potential resolution of the Hubble tension.Unfortunately, many models suffer from the need to fine-tune their initialconditions to ensure that the epoch of early dark energy coincides withmatter-radiation equality. We propose a class of attractive early dark energymodels where this coincidence arises naturally as a saddle point of a dynamicalsystem that attracts a large volume of phase-space trajectories regardless ofthe initial conditions. The system approaches a global dark energy attractor atlate-times. Our framework therefore unifies early and late dark energy using asingle scalar degree of freedom. We analyze a fiducial attractive early darkenergy model and find that it is disfavored by cosmological data due to thepresence of a long-lived saddle point in the matter era where the scalar playsthe role of an additional component of (non-clustering) dark matter. Ourinvestigations provide lessons for future model-building efforts aimed atconstructing viable attractive early dark energy models.

An Attractive Proposal for Resolving the Hubble Tension: Dynamical Attractors that Unify Early and Late Dark Energy