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Sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks are expected to havedense infrastructures, large-dimensional channels, cost-effective hardware,diversified positioning methods, and enhanced intelligence. Such trends bringboth new challenges and opportunities for the practical design of 6G. On onehand, acquiring channel state information (CSI) in real time for all wirelesslinks becomes quite challenging in 6G. On the other hand, there would benumerous data sources in 6G containing high-quality location-tagged channeldata, making it possible to better learn the local wireless environment. Byexploiting such new opportunities and for tackling the CSI acquisitionchallenge, there is a promising paradigm shift from the conventionalenvironment-unaware communications to the new environment-aware communicationsbased on the novel approach of channel knowledge map (CKM). This article aimsto provide a comprehensive tutorial overview on environment-awarecommunications enabled by CKM to fully harness its benefits for 6G. First, thebasic concept of CKM is presented, and a comparison of CKM with variousexisting channel inference techniques is discussed. Next, the main techniquesfor CKM construction are discussed, including both the model-free andmodel-assisted approaches. Furthermore, a general framework is presented forthe utilization of CKM to achieve environment-aware communications, followed bysome typical CKM-aided communication scenarios. Finally, important openproblems in CKM research are highlighted and potential solutions are discussedto inspire future work.

A Tutorial on Environment-Aware Communications via Channel Knowledge Map for 6G