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Stellar energy loss is a sensitive probe of light, weakly coupled darksectors, including ones containing millicharged particles (MCPs). The emissionof MCPs can affect stellar evolution, and therefore can alter the observedproperties of stellar populations. In this work, we improve upon the accuracyof existing stellar limits on MCPs by self-consistently modelling (1) the MCPemission rate, accounting for all relevant in-medium effects and productionchannels, and (2) the evolution of stellar interiors (including backreactionsfrom MCP emission) using the MESA stellar evolution code. We find MCP emissionleads to significant brightening of the tip of the red-giant branch. Based onphotometric observations of 15 globular clusters whose bolometric magnitudesare inferred using parallaxes from Gaia astrometry, we obtain robust bounds onthe existence of MCPs with masses below 100 keV.

New bounds on light millicharged particles from the tip of the red-giant branch