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The development of X-ray scintillators with ultrahigh light yields andultrafast response times is a long sought-after goal. In this work, wetheoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate a fundamental mechanismthat pushes the frontiers of ultrafast X-ray scintillator performance: the useof nanoscale-confined surface plasmon polariton modes to tailor thescintillator response time via the Purcell effect. By incorporatingnanoplasmonic materials in scintillator devices, this work predicts over10-fold enhancement in decay rate and 38% reduction in time resolution evenwith only a simple planar design. We experimentally demonstrate thenanoplasmonic Purcell effect using perovskite scintillators, enhancing thelight yield by over 120% to 88 $\pm$ 11 ph/keV, and the decay rate by over 60%to 2.0 $\pm$ 0.2 ns for the average decay time, and 0.7 $\pm$ 0.1 ns for theultrafast decay component, in good agreement with the predictions of ourtheoretical framework. We perform proof-of-concept X-ray imaging experimentsusing nanoplasmonic scintillators, demonstrating 182% enhancement in themodulation transfer function at 4 line pairs per millimeter spatial frequency.This work highlights the enormous potential of nanoplasmonics in optimizingultrafast scintillator devices for applications including time-of-flight X-rayimaging and photon-counting computed tomography.

The Nanoplasmonic Purcell Effect in Ultrafast and High-Light-Yield Perovskite Scintillators