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Levitated diamond particles in high vacuum with internal spin qubits havebeen proposed for exploring macroscopic quantum mechanics, quantum gravity, andprecision measurements. The coupling between spins and particle rotation can beutilized to study quantum geometric phase, create gyroscopes and rotationalmatter-wave interferometers. However, previous efforts in levitated diamondsstruggled with vacuum level or spin state readouts. In addition, fast rotationof a levitated diamond has not been reported. To address these gaps, wefabricate an integrated surface ion trap with multiple stabilizationelectrodes. This facilitates on-chip levitation and, for the first time,optically detected magnetic resonance measurements of a nanodiamond levitatedin high vacuum. The internal temperature of our levitated nanodiamond remainsmoderate below $10^{-5}$ Torr. Impressively, we have driven a nanodiamond torotate up to 20 MHz ($1.2 \times 10^{9}$ rpm), surpassing nitrogen-vacancy (NV)center electron spin dephasing rates. Using these NV spins, we observe thepseudo-magnetic field arising from particle rotation. In addition, wedemonstrate quantum coherent control of spins in a rotating nanodiamond. Theseresults mark an important development in interfacing mechanical rotation withspin qubits, expanding our capacity to study quantum phenomena.

Quantum control and fast rotation of levitated diamonds in high vacuum